Showing posts with label Ostrobothnia. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Ostrobothnia. Show all posts

Wednesday, 10 October 2018

The Ride Towards Now


Schildts & Söderströms of Helsinki have published Ritten mot nuet (The Ride Towards Now) the 26th volume of poetry by the Finland-Swedish Ostrobothnian poet Gösta Ågren (b. 1936).

 Och

Poesin är berättelsen om
meningen med vårt liv:
tillvaron, inte händelserna;
rösterna, inte orden.

Och rytmen, inte sorgen,
fastän varje rad så tydligt
döljer den, och varje dikt
utgör ett avsked.


And

Poetry is the story of 
the meaning of our lives: 
the being, not the events; 
the voices, not the words.

And the rhythm, not the sorrow, 
although every line so clearly
hides it, and every poem
constitutes a farewell.

translated from Finland-Swedish by David McDuff

Thursday, 21 May 2009

Hanna Klingenberg: "The Pearl"

Thirty years ago, I spent a happy year in Jakobstad, a small town on the coast of Ostrobothnia. Now, decades later, Hanna Klingenberg, a native of that town, has written a short story about the feel of the town. Little has changed in the three decades:

The Pearl

Hanna Klingenberg

The first days back in Jakobstad were always the worst. When I had been living for longer periods in larger cities I tended to forget how people behaved here. Where every street corner was charged with a sensitive memory. And where I couldn’t just glide past and wander about in my own thoughts but would be interrupted by some old figure of authority. The district nurse. My former classmate’s strict stepfather. My ex-boyfriend’s ex-girlfriend. They would pop up everywhere, in doorways, on viaducts, waving madly.

I preferred to drive through the centre first. Then I could whizz along the pedestrian precinct on a bicycle, towards somewhere far out of town. After that, I would perhaps dare to take a walk around.

In the library I caught sight of my old gym teacher. She was standing some stacks away and I immediately rushed up to her and gave her a long, heartfelt hug.

"Hej!" I said.
"Hej!" she replied.
"Long time no see!" I said.
"That’s for sure!" she said.
"How are you getting on?" I asked.
"Great!" she replied. "Nice it’s now summer."

Then we somehow slid apart. I walked along the stacks, studied the spines of books and gradually remembered that I never got more than seven out of ten in gymnastics. I had skived, not bothered to shower, been careless with dropping catches, letting the ball fly past me. And had I made a habit of hugging teachers? Even before, when I was a pupil? I can only remember hugging a teacher on one occasion, and it wasn’t me that hugged the teacher, but he hugged me. I was in the eighth form at the time, and my grandfather had just died. My physics teacher came up to me and lay his arm on my shoulder and offered his condolences. But went I think back to that hug I think mostly of the jumper which I happened to be wearing at the time. And this was in fact a man’s vest that I had bought at a jumble sale for one mark, and on which there was a rather strange text, criss-crossed right under the open neck. For men only was what it said. I remember all my sorrow about granddad disappearing for a short while, because I was wondering whether my physics teacher was really hugging me to console me. Or whether he had first spotted the text printed on my jumper.

Now my gym teacher and me bumped into each other again, by the art shelf. We looked kindly at each other and smiled slightly. I fixed my gaze on a book and read "Ernst Brillgren".

"Oh!" I exclaimed.
"What is it?" asked my gym teacher.
", I thought I read Brillgren, with and ‘r’," I laughed. "But it said Billgren, nonetheless. I’d read it wrong."

We slid apart again and I walked rapidly and determinedly towards the reading room. I sat down there and took out my green rough book. "Jakobstad is my pearl", is what I wrote in it.

"Pearls can be compared to myths spun / around crass truths. / Because the mussel spins its pearl / around something as tiny and insignificant as a grain of sand! / Am I the mussel that spins the myth around my Jakobstad? / Is the town really an insignificant grain of sand when it comes to it."

It ended up a crappy little poem. I wanted to stop writing immediately, but I just couldn’t bring myself to do so, as I felt there was a man standing and staring at me. I had to carry on, though it was dreadful to be stared at when you were being creative.

"When I dreamt feverish nightmares in the Jakobstad of my childhood / I always dreamt about grains of sand. / It would all start when I took up something that was so big I didn’t understand how big it really was. / And if I did understand it, I would only get giddy. / When I realised that the big thing I’d got myself involved in was in fact very tiny - when I realised that I was in fact inside a very tiny grain of sand that was light brown and hexagonal - well, then I would always get a panic attack. / What was huge was in fact very tiny. / That’s what my Jakobstad feels like too. / Little and big at one and the same time."

I wrote till my cheeks glowed. In the corner of my eye I could see the man standing and staring at me, uninterruptedly, intensively. Now it no longer mattered what I’d written in my rough-book. All that was important now was to be seen to be writing.

"Jakobstad, you are my pearl. But if I am to wear pearls they shall be in the shape of earrings. And the earring will only hang from one ear. / If it were a necklace it would have to be broken in some way. Otherwise it would become too / ladylike and frumpish / for me. / When I was little I used to chew on a necklace when I was doing my homework. It helped my concentration."

The sentences grew too long to be poetry. And I wrote the last sentence so carelessly that my pen slipped beyond the rough-book. The last word ended up on the desk surface. I blushed when I noticed. Now, you could bet your life that the man in the corner of my eye would be standing there laughing. That was the end of our flirtation. I just had to look up, and when I did I noticed that there hadn’t been a man standing and staring at all. It was a rack of brochures!

In Jakobstad anything can gawp at you.

I left the reading room immediately and mooched about, wandering past everyone I met on the street. Deeply absorbed in my own thoughts. One of the boys I passed was one I had slept with. We merely greeted each other. I remembered a simile that the clergymen would make during confirmation classes. "If you share out all your slices of cake right, left and centre, you’ll have no cake left for your wedding night!" Mum had come up with something similar. This was about pearls, as it happened: "Every boy you sleep with gets one of your pearls. It’s no fun standing there with a broken necklace on your wedding night, later on." She had no doubt forgotten that I used to chew on pearl necklaces.

Things were beginning to get better now. On the town square I passed the boy who had spread the story that I had driven through the centre one evening with the handbrake on, so that you could hear the squealing and screeching all over town. All I actually did was sit at the steering wheel, look surprised, and wonder what was making the screeching noise. We had never greeted each other before, so we didn’t this time either.

***

The story first appeared in the Finland-Swedish literary periodical Horisont 1/2009.

Translated from Swedish by Eric Dickens

Thursday, 30 April 2009

Eva-Stina Byggmästar - a poem


Only one poem from a collection of more than fifty. Because this author is tricky. But the poem does not involve too many multi-puns, except that curious word "bröstsocker" which means "candy sugar", while the literal meaning is "breast sugar" (!). It is regarded as archaïc usage in Swedish, the term now being "kandissocker".

I like these slightly fay, slightly pantheïstic, poems that Byggmästar writes, but she can test the translator to the limit with some of her multiple
associations. This poem is the first in her 2008 collection Men hur små poeter finns det egentligen (But How Small Poets Are There Really).

*

POETRY IS
CANDY SUGAR SURELY
MOVING TOWARDS IT, little book
rocked asleep, the nearness, gladness
of small letters, now dreaming next to each other
about transparent libraries.

And if I were a green-clad poet,
in corduroy with hood,
with intrusive woodcocks,
what a blessed piece of luck,
you would walk as if on a naze,
a spit, a tongue of land along
the light word-swell
of small lakes,
like a mere ripple -


***

ETT BRÖSTSOCKER
ÄR DIKTEN VISST
MAKAR SIG DIT, lillboken vaggas
i sömnen
, småbokstävernas närhet,
gladhet, drömmer nu intill varann
om genomskinliga bibliotek.

Och om jag var grönklädd poet,
med manchester och luva,
med närgångna morkullor,
vilken signad lyckoträff,
man gick som på näsa,
ett ed, landtunga lång
invid småsjöarnas lätta
ordsvall,
som en krusning bara –

Translated from Swedish by Eric Dickens

Wednesday, 29 April 2009

Lars Sund wins the Svenska kulturfonden book prize


Lars Sund (born 1953) has just won the annual Svenska kulturfonden cultural prize worth €20,000. He will be accepting it in Vasa this evening (29th April 2009). This is the latest in a number of book prizes, including the Runeberg Prize, and a nomination for the Nordic Council Prize.

But first of all: what is Svenska kulturfonden? It is the Finland-Swedish fund based in Helsinki (aka Helsingfors) that supports literature written in Swedish in Finland. Such a fund is necessary, as Finland-Swedish authors can sometimes fall between two stools, especially if they emigrate to Sweden itself. (Sund lives in Uppsala.) And the once powerful Finland-Swedish minority has dwindled to a mere 6% of the population of Finland.

Lars Sund has written a series of novels, mostly set in Ostrobothnia. He began as a poet, some 35 years ago. But he is best known for his novel trilogy "Colorado Avenue" (idem; 1991), which has recently been filmed, followed by "Lanthandlerskans son" (Son of a Country Shopkeeper"; 1997) and "Eriks bok" (Erik's Book; 2003). There is more about Lars Sund and his works here in Swedish Book Review.

Today's article in the daily Vasabladet says, among other things:

Sund will be adopting a new genre. "I am principally a novelist, but my next book will be something else. Perhaps something between a novel and non-fiction."

Sund is also an eager participant in what he himself calls the first digital cultural debate in what is termed Svenskfinland, i.e. the parts of Finland where Swedish is spoken as first language. He points out that Finland is not unique in that cultural and literary debate has shifted from the columns of the press to blogs and e-mail, since about the year 2000.

And commenting on other Finland-Swedish authors, Sund notes that there are exciting new ones, such as poets Catharina Gripenberg and Heidi von Wright (some of whose poems are on this blog in English translation), plus the novelist Emma Juslin.

*

I myself published a translation of a poem by Lars Sund back in 1979 in the publication Swedish Books:

To Marilyn Monroe if ever I should meet her

stuck fast with chewing-gum to my wall beloved marilyn
with your eyes full of hollywood cancer
worn dusty under the studio lights
still a child with breasts as soft as san francisco hills

you should never have come here
where we turn heads inside out and make ideals from the contents
where everything we'll ever dream up has been ready for ages on 35 mm reels
& where there are canyons between the hotel rooms

but it's too late now I feel
because you hardly got to heaven
& in hell there are
far too many like you
we all helped to build the pool for you to drown in
& the heroin was refined on the poppy of our twinkling eye
by men who could stand only the darkness of the movie house

all we have to remember you by beloved marilyn
are the pictures
& your shrill voice on the sound-track hoarse with T.B.
but I sometimes wake up in the night in a cold sweat from your accusing presence
and switch on the lamp to look at you
stuck fast with chewing-gum to my wall beloved marilyn

Translated from Swedish (in 1979) by Eric Dickens

Monday, 27 April 2009

Lars Huldén: a dialect poem


Lars Huldén (born 1926) is the grand old man of Finland-Swedish poetry. Born in the Ostrobothnian town of Jakobstad (Pietarsaari), he later became Professor of Nordic Literature at Helsinki University. He first published poetry in 1958 and has, by now, a large œuvre.

A 500-page selection of his poems over 50 years, entitled
Utförlig beskrivning av en bärplockares väg (Detailed Description of a Berry-Picker's Way) appeared in 2006.

One of his poetry collections
Heim / Hem (1977) is a parallel text set of 30 poems written in the Munsala dialect, with a translation into standard Swedish. This book does, of course, raise all the fraught translation questions, should someone want to translate the thirty poems into another language. But rather than agonise, I am simply going to translate one poem from the standard Swedish version, and allow the reader to marvel at the dialect traits unhindered. The reader will note how strong the dialect is, and also, that there is not a whiff of Finnish in the dialect, which is in fact nearer to Old Norse:
Ti arbeit i laag

Hä ä in lykkotå an kan arrbeit i laag
mä tem såm an höör ihåop mää.
Papp såm ä håssbond,
Mamm så ä mattmåor,
båånin tå di byri dåga ti naa,
gambäfåltji så läng ti
levär å årk.
Såm tå an höibärga
på i uutsjifft förr i väädin.
Mitt i daain kuna mattmåor kåma
peedand mä maatin.
Tå sesstist vi allihåop i ladun åsta äta.
Tå va vi allihåop.
Vi va vi tå.

***

Att arbeta tillsammans

Det är en lycka
då man kan arbeta tillsammans
med dem som man hör samman med.
Far som är husbonde,
mor som är matmor,
barnen när de börjar duga
till någonting,
de gamla så länge de
lever och orkar.
Såsom då man höbärgade
på ett utskifte förr i världen.
Mitt på dagen kunde matmor komma
cyklande med maten.
Då satte sig alla i ladan för att äta.
Då var vi allesammans.
Vi var vi då.

***

Working together

It's a joy
when you can work together
with those you belong to.
Father who's the master,
mother the missis,
the children when they start to be able
to do things,
the elderly as long as they
live and are able.
Like when you made the hay
in a back field in the olden days.
In the middle of the day the missis could come
cycling along with the food.
Then everyone would sit down in the barn to eat.
Then we were all together.
We were ourselves then.

***

Translated from dialect into Swedish by Lars Huldén; from Swedish into English by Eric Dickens

Friday, 17 April 2009

Inga-Britt Wik: Three Poems

From what people who knew her have said, Inga-Britt Wik seems to have been a loner with feminist convictions. A strange combination, perhaps. And as a young woman she moved from the provinces to the capital to get an education. These qualities are hinted at in these poems:

*

When the telephone rings
she flicks back her hair
and answers: no he’s not at home
and stares absent-mindedly
into space as if listening.
Yes, she’ll be the same one
to come back to
with his nearness like torrents
in the blood and she is the same one
dully clattering the washing-up for
the world rests on necessities.
What the blood leaves as traces
in the mouth must be washed away daily.
The dark furrow of trust. Creased brow.
While ironing she kneads life
the heat emptying her mind.
Trapped in
the indifferent disaffection of the afternoon
she wanders through the backyards of memory
lays out their faces,
one by one, till she has discovered
another one she could have loved in order to
let the sudden fire quietly
deny its origins.

(From the collection: Fönstret, 1958)

*

PS from Mother Human Being

I’m the one that lives with you all
the one that is born with a feeling for the dark rooms
where life begins

you do all you can to get rid of me
lift me up onto pedestals
where I must stand and listen

it’s lonely to be worshipped
one is shut out
from ordinary life

one can’t take part in your
simple and impetuous arrangements
one is too “good” for that

I can take part in your festive days
but you are kidding yourselves
it’s not me standing there on your

pedestals – it’s only a childish copy
I myself am out there in life
with you all
it’s there you can find me

(From the collection Jack’s café, 1980)

*

Whether it was early or late
I don’t remember.
We ate grilled trout in a wide open
world,
read Runeberg’s Idylls and Epigrams
to our coffee.
It seemed like the first time,
the resurrection poems speak about.

(From the collection: Skriver I dagarnas book, 2008)

These three poems come from a selection of ten, published in the literary magazine Horisont, 1/2009.

Translated from Swedish by Eric Dickens

Horisont 1/2009 - Inga-Britt Wik


The Ostrobothnian-based literary magazine Horisont has been around for decades, and still now in 2009 four further issues are planned after the first, which appeared recently. The theme of this issue is the Finland-Swedish poet Inga-Britt Wik who died last year. To give some idea who she was, I will translate the small biographical note from Horisont:

Inga-Britt Wik was born 18th December 1930 in Vasa. Both parents were brought up in the countryside, her father as the son of fisherfolk and smallholders from the island of Replot in the Vasa archipelago. Her mother was the daughter of a so-called "America widow" from Vörå. (An America widow was similar to a "grass widow", except that the husband was living in America.) Her father Arvid Wik worked as a customs officer during the 1930s, while her mother ran a small grocer's shop. During the war years, her father was called up, and spent time in the army first in Hangö then, during the Continuation War, in the Karelian Isthmus.

Inga-Britt Wik moved to Helsinki in 1950, and graduated in philosophy in 1956. In 2003 she returned to Vasa. She was principally a poet, and all her books appeared with the Schildts publishing house in Helsinki. Key themes in her poetry are various women's rôles, love, feminism, the environment, but the basic tone of her poetry reflects nature.

She was married to the author and film producer Jörn Donner from 1954 to 1962, later marrying the children's psychiatrist Gustav Amnell. The marriage and separation from Donner caused her to write the books Ingen lycklig kärlek (No Happy Love; 1988) and Bryta upp (Breaking Up; 1996). She was also the editor of poetry by Solveig von Schoultz and Lars Huldén.

I shall be translating a couple of her poems from this issue of Horisont later in a new thread.

Wednesday, 25 March 2009

Nykarleby - town of poets

Nykarleby (Uusikaarlepyy) is a pleasant small town to the south of Jakobstad in Ostrobothnia, Finland. As you can see from the aerial photo, it is set in quite wooded countryside on flat plain of what locals mockingly call the Pampas. Most buildings are mercifully low-rise. The town has one of the highest percentages of Swedish-speakers of anywhere in mainland Finland. Only Åland competes on this score.

What is strange about this little town, which even now has no more than about 7,400 inhabitants, is that a disproportionately large number of Finland-Swedish poets, and some prose authors, were born there, or close by. Plus some who spent most of their lives there or wrote poems about it. Here is a list of some of them:

Jakob Backlund ) poet and songwriter; many years spent in the USA.
R.R. Eklund ) poet and short-story author.*
Evert Huldén ) poet, father of poet Lars Huldén.*
Lars Huldén (born 1926) poet, professor emeritus from Helsinki.
Bertel Klockars ) poet, educationalist on the Karelian front.
Ernst Knape ) poet and doctor.
Axel Lindholm ) poet and teacher.
Mikael Lybeck ) poet.
Sebastian Lybeck (born 1929) poet.*
Vilhelm Nyby ) poet and journalist.
Gunnar Nylund ) poet.
Viola Renvall ) religious poet.*
Hjalmar Krokfors ) religious and nature poet, husband of Viola Renvall.*
Joel Rundt ) poet and fulltime writer from 1929.
Viktor Sund ) poet, lyricist and teacher.
Zacharias Topelius ) major Finland-Swedish poet.
Emil Wichmann [alias Gånge Rolf] ) poet, prose author, educationalist.
Gösta Ågren (born 1936) poet.*

Several poems by each of the authors with an asterisk after them are included in an anthology of some 300 poems called Facklor över jorden - lyrik (Torches Over the Earth - Poetry ), compiled by Thomas Warburton, who is described on another thread here. It was published in 1959 in the excellent "Finlandssvenskt bibliotek" series. I shall be translating selected poems from this book and posting them up here in due course on new threads.

The Warburton anthology even contains early poems by Gösta Ågren, who is still an active poet. A selection of Ågren's poems, entitled A Valley in the Midst of Violence, was translated by David McDuff and published by Bloodaxe Books in 1992.

Looking at the number of names, it seems strange that so many Finland-Swedish poets who have made it into print, and sometimes gone on to fame in Sweden as well, were all connected with this small provincial town in Ostrobothnia. Sometimes nodes of culture arise.

Those who are able to read Swedish can look here.

Sunday, 22 March 2009

Thomas Warburton - translator


Literary translators tend to be backroom boys and girls, and to a certain extent this is just. We are not the original creators of the texts we translate, so we are indeed nearer to musicians, actors or anyone else who transforms and interprets the work of others. Nevertheless, many people who enjoy the fruits of our labours do not realise what makes a literary translator tick. You see the actor or musician on stage and in the newspapers; the life of a literary translator, hidden behind his or her typewriter or PC, is mostly shrouded in mystery.

The translator Thomas Warburton (born 1918) has lifted the tip of the veil regarding literary translation in his little book Efter 30 000 sidor (After 30,000 Pages; 2003). This book was published in a joint edition by Söderström & Co in Finland and Atlantis in Sweden. It has now appeared in Finnish translation by Eila Kostamo, an appropriate fate for a book of memoirs dealing with the skill of translation. The 30,000 pages of the title are what Warburton himself estimates to have translated during his long career.

I am myself translating this book into English, thanks to a grant from Svenska kulturfonden, Helsinki. (Publisher, as yet unknown!) I am very happy to do so, not least because I recognise some of the good and bad things that can happen to a literary translator. But Thomas Warburton has translated a vastly larger amount of books than I have. Hence the title of his 140-page book of translator's memoirs. The reason this book is suitable for an English-speaking audience is that Warburton has translated important works of literature from Finnish and English into his mother-tongue, Swedish.

Thomas Warburton was born in Vasa, Ostrobothnia, and during the 1940s he ended up in Helsinki. It was in the 1940s that his career as a literary translator took off, after he had finally given up his forestry studies. Most curiously, one side of his family is English, as can clearly be seen from his name which has the traits of neither a typical Finland-Swedish name, nor a Finnish one.

While working part-time for the Schildts Swedish-language publishing house in Helsinki, he managed to translate important novels and poetry from English and Finnish. English-language works include Sterne's Tristram Shandy, Joyce's Ulysses, Henry Green's Loving, the Spoon River Anthology by Edgar Lee Masters, Nightwood by Djuna Barnes, plus works by Faulkner, E.E. Cummings and George Orwell. Also plays for stage and radio by, among others, Dorothy L. Sayers, Peter Ustinov, Dylan Thomas, Tom Stoppard and Sean O'Casey. From Finnish, Warburton translated, for instance, poetry by Uuno Kailas, Eeva-Liisa Manner, Paavo Haavikko and Leena Krohn, plus prose by Mika Waltari, Pentti Holappa, Antti Tuuri, and others.

One of his major achievements, alongside Joyce's Ulysses and Sterne's Tristram Shandy, is the two-volume novel by someone that Finland regards as their own Joyce or Proust, Volter Kilpi (1874-1939). The stream of conscious novel is called Alastalon salissa (i.e. I salen på Alastalo / In the Hall at Alastalo). This novel combines sea stories with narration that involves very slow takes on a group of shipowners, and experiments with vocabulary and point of view. It is not surprising that Warburton devotes a whole chapter of his memoirs to the course of this translation. The English translation was started a couple of decades ago by a British translator, but I believe that he gave up, daunted no doubt by the sheer complexity of the task. I do hope that one day, another translator from Finnish will have a try.

But Warburton also touches on a number of practical matters such as payment, working hours and making a living out of translation. One of the first financial risks he took early on in his career was to give up his forestry studies in order to translate Ulysses for Bonniers publishers in Stockholm. After that he never looked back, but was always thankful of his part-time publishing job to help him, his wife and their small daughter make ends meet.

Saturday, 21 March 2009

Robert Åsbacka - "The Organ-Builder"


Orgelbyggaren, by the Finland-Swedish author Robert Åsbacka and published by Schildts has been nominated for the Nordic Literature Prize 2009.

Åsbacka now lives in Sweden, but this novel is set in the area where he was born, around Nykarleby in Ostrobothnia. There is a
review in Swedish by Pia Ingström in the Finland-Swedish daily Hufvudstadsbladet.

As Ingström points out, it is a novel about the loneliness of an old man who first lost his daughter through cancer, then his wife Siri in the "Estonia" ferry disaster. In memory of his wife, he begins to construct an organ. Buxtehude is a leitmotif throughout the book. By way of an accident, he meets the people who are living in his former house, and the novel takes off from there.

There follows Chapter 1, in my draft translation (including ???, where I can't think how to translate the word or passage), and part of Chapter 9, where the old man who, like Åsbacka himself, worked on that very ship when it was still called "Viking Sally", imagines what his late wife must have gone through in the last hours of her life.


1

That very morning, he sat at the breakfast table a little longer than usual. There was a poem by Stig Dagerman in the paper. He knew it all too well. Maybe something Siri had read to him. She tended to read aloud, both poetry and novels. This was something they had already started doing in the fifties, when they were still young and relatively malleable. And although, in those days, he wasn’t really interested in books, he never protested against reading aloud of an evening. Quite the opposite, he could think of no better way of approaching the substance of books. Although what he really wanted to get nearer to was her. Books came as an added extra. Gradually, books became part of their lives, and much later, when she was no longer there to read and pilot him in the right direction, it could happen that he would cross the esplanade and enter the bookshop in order to order something he had heard about on the radio, or read in the paper.

But when exactly Siri would have read that poem by Dagerman was something he couldn’t remember. Maybe it was something she had borrowed from the library. Or the poem may have been in an anthology. She would sometimes bring home such books. New Swedish poetry. From Södergran to Sonnevi, and all the rest. And the Dagerman poem did have a whiff of anthology poetry.

Or perhaps the book had been on his own bookshelves. He shuffled out into the hall, just to check. Two solid stacks of varnished fir, from floor to ceiling. There they were, in alphabetical order. These were what was left over, after he had weeded out books and given away most of what Siri had left. And it was not beyond the bounds of possibility that the Dagerman had fallen victim to the process. In which case, the books could now be found in the local second-hand bookshop, going for a song. They would hardly have been sold. Each time he had entered to browse, the bookshelves of unsold books had increased. Those that could be sold would be lying on a rectangular table in the middle of the shop. Turnover from that table was likely to be quite high. But the Dagerman had never lain there.

The only Stig Dagerman book he managed to find that morning was a cheap edition of Bröllopsbesvär - "Wedding Worries". It was squashed in between Chorell and Diktonius. He wondered why he had saved that particular book. Maybe because the cover expressed love and despair, presumably more despair than love. He didn’t know whether this was also true of the book itself, because he had never read it. It was likely to have been bought by Siri, sometime in the fifties. She never bothered with first editions and fancy bindings; for her, what counted most was the contents. She used to read mostly when lying in bed, with one of her inherited cushions under her neck. The last years, she would often complain about pains in her wrists. The origin of these pains was not likely to have had anything to do with reading, but it did mean that she was forced to change her habits, and when at least reading heavier books, would have to sit up in an armchair, with the book on a stand in front of her. Or sit on the organ stool with the book open on the keyboard while the minister was taking the service alone. She had a peculiar capacity for being able to follow the service and love intrigues at one and the same time. Only on rare occasions did silence ensue, and the minister begin to cast worried glances over the lectern to see what the organist was busy doing, as the music had not begun where it should have. This happened when she was reading Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina, and although she happened to be reading it for the second or maybe even the third time, she was drawn so much into the story that she was oblivious of the silence that had fallen on the whole church. It was only when she heard the minister clearing his throat several times that she allowed herself to be gently raised out of the relationship between Anna and Vronsky and back onto her organ stool in the church which had now begun to fill with whispered voices and the sound of sandy soles against the stone floor.

But Stig Dagerman’s Bröllopsbesvär was thin and light and had never been propped up on a stand. He brushed the dust off the picture on the cover and replaced the book on the shelf. Then he shuffled back to the kitchen and cut the poem out of the newspaper. The last verse went:

How soon the poplars stand high
and naked with black in streaks.
To die is merely to snow
like leaves in the merry stream.

Snowing like leaves. Borne on water. That sounded peaceful.

But the real reason for him to remain seated for so long, and that he had gone out into the hall to find the book, was that he had begun to wonder why a writer from Sweden itself, such as Stig Dagerman, would have written snöga for "to snow" That was pure dialect. He remembered, from his schooldays, lines by Topelius with winters where "snow" became snöga on your nose, and where the white rowan tree would snöga down blossom on whoever it was. But Topelius was born and bred locally, and had soaked up the way people spoke here, the way a child tends to do.
Ostrobothnian dialect. He’ snögar.

Or maybe the word was a remnant from Swedish times. In which case it was not dialect, but archaïc usage, and common to usage in both Ostrobothnia in Finland, and Västerbotten, across the water in Sweden.

So he went for another walk. The town had begun to come alive. Even the girl in the flat above was awake, he could hear a chair scraping then the thud of the pipes as she turned on the tap in the kitchen. That thudding, didn’t that mean there was something wrong? An air lock? A leak? Every time he heard it he thought of phoning to tell someone. But he would forget, until the next time he heard it.

The Swedish Academy’s Glossary was on the bottom shelf near the floor. He had to bring up a chair and sit down, in order to reach it. In times past, he would climb up without thinking onto a chair to fix shelves just below the ceiling; now he even had to use a chair to reach the floor. He could not avoid thinking what the next step might be. No great effort was necessary to arrive at the answer, but he chose not to linger on the topic and instead leafed to the letter "s".

Snöa, as it was given there. The standard form. Nothing else. Nothing about dialect or archaïc usage. Just snöa.

Not that it mattered. The poem was fine as it was. It was called Höst - Autumn.

- - - - - - -

[From Chapter 9:]

[...]

At about half-past nine, the weather was already making its presence felt. The ship wasn’t rocking so much that the stabilizers were unable to neutralise the swell, but she knew it was going to get worse when they were out in the open sea, and were no longer shielded by the coast. The forecast had warned of high winds during the night and the next morning. Siri never got really seasick, but she did often go pale, lost her appetite and wanted to lie down to quell the nausea. She may have done so that time too, chosen to go to bed and try to sleep through the storm.

When the ship set sail, the wind was blowing at about ten metres per second, and the wind was increasing, hour by hour. By midnight, it had increased to around 20 metres per second, and the vessel chugged on through the waves at about fourteen knots. In such conditions, the hull ???rister skrovet", and the bows dig down so deep that the water hits the windows on deck seven.

Thomasson had a habit of standing in the bows in the autumn, behind the thick plate glass, watching the storm come over the Åland Sea. It was a grand performance. For a moment, all his cares would sink away; Majas illness, love, then jealously, things that would keep him awake at night, Siri’s silent accusations during weeks off, life that was slipping away. All he was waiting for, standing there in the bow, was for the next wave to make the water crash against the hull with even greater might. Standing watching the vessel making its way through waves metres high, and feeling the thousands of tons rise and sink under his feet brought tranquillity to his body. He got a feeling of control, huge forces were at play, yet he was beyond all danger.

But that was the Åland Sea. This meant two hours of open water. The voyage in the Estonia from Tallinn to Stockholm was something else entirely. During the hours after midnight, the waves she encountered would be around four metres high, more than double what they were then. She was ploughing her way forward, and meanwhile Siri was presumably lying in her cabin, listening to the muffled thuds as the waves hit the bows. The thuds, then the shuddering that worked its way through the hull, and gradually ebbed away, like vibrations in a tuning fork. She heard it and knew that everything was normal, Thomasson had described to her many times how the body of the vessel began to take on a life of its own during stormy weather. The Sally was a strange construction; many people thought that it wasn’t a vessel but something else: a hotel, a floating fairground. Something that resembled, but wasn’t. As fake as the brass rail around the bar. And yet it felt as if this clumsy body had come alive during a storm, she would roll, stamp and play her way forward through the waves.

Thomasson had told all of this to Siri, so it was not until an hour past midnight, when she heard metallic noises that she became really afraid. Because he had never said anything about those. Nor could he have done, as these were sounds that were out of place. A wave, the ship rises, and falls onto the next. Then it came: a metallic crash and a shudder. Followed by another metallic crash and a shudder.

Leading up to the most powerful crash of all. It was one o’clock in the morning by now, and if she wasn’t awake already she was wakened by the noises and the blows that were going right through the hull of the ship. A crash, like a collision. Or as if the vessel had run aground and stopped dead in its tracks. Only a couple of minutes later, the Estonia was on her knees and listed to starboard. People fell out of their bunks. The vessel began slowly to righted again. At that point in time, the passengers, unbeknown to themselves, had ten minutes to get out of their cabins and get up the stairs to deck seven.

But before these ten minutes were up, the vessel had once again listed steeply to one side, this time a little deeper and had righted itself again. But not as much as before. It was as if this keeling had somehow taken hold of her. And took a tighter grip for every wave that crashed against her. At that moment, she no longer righted herself, at that moment, the list became permanent it was no longer possible to pull out of it.

Siri was not shy, far from it, but she was careful about her looks, and the impression she made on others. So when the crash and listing came, she did not rush immediately out of her cabin into the corridor in her nightwear. She got dressed, reached for the slacks she had put over the chair back the night before, but which now lay on the floor, picked up her jumper from the sofa that was screwed to the wall, sat down, then stumbled to the door where her shoes were lying, under an upturned chair, which had slid away as soon as the ship had begun to list. She put on her shoes, sitting on the stubbly wall-to-wall carpet. Voices could be heard from the corridor. People were screaming.

Sometimes Thomasson thinks like this: she managed to open the door and make her way along the steeply sloping corridor where the doors across the corridor were like hatches; if one swung open as she passed, she wouldn’t be able to stop herself from falling through the whole cabin and against the wall where the portholes were now pointing down into the deep.

But she pressed on, past all the cabins and the screams for help that could be heard behind shut doors, right to the reception area which was filling with passengers by the minute. Most were coming from below, up the narrow stairways from the car deck that had no carpets, designed for oily soles. People were making their way on hands and knees, sometimes bracing themselves against the opposite wall, sometimes against the person behind. Once up, many stayed in the reception area, it was after all there they had come on board several hours earlier and it was perhaps here that rescue lay, beyond the shut double doors. But the doors remained shut and the ship was now listing so severely that those that could not find anywhere to brace themselves against slid across the floor to starboard. Others held onto poles and jambs, some dragged and fought their way to the stairs where those already exhausted had stopped and moved neither up nor down, simply clamping themselves fast.

But Siri did not stop, she had not yet dragged herself up the stairs, she still had energy and was waiting for the vessel to roll again, because now it was no longer chugging, but was listing ever more steeply into the wind. Amidst the chaos, she could feel that the engines had stopped. Under all the screaming there was silence. The ship rose and fell, but it seemed as if the ship could no longer right itself. Siri braced herself against the wall, leaned forward, managed to reach the balustrade and began to pull herself upwards. She tried not to look at the injured passengers who were lying and sitting in the stair well. She pulled her way forward, like a gymnast pulling their way up wall bars, and she finally arrived at deck number five and the first thing she saw was the information desk where a young woman, white at the knuckles, was clutching a microphone and shouting Häire! Häire! Laeval on häire! Below the desk sat a man with his hands and feet pressed against the wall-to-wall carpet. He was braced against gravity like a ski-jumper hesitating at the start. People fell through the room. Files fell out of cupboards over the woman who was continuing to sound the alarm, and who had hunched her shoulders as protection.

Siri didn’t stop there either, but continued up what was becoming an ever steeper incline past the smashed glass doors of the supermarket, though the thickening smell of smashed spirits bottles up to the next stair well. With both hands on the balustrade, sometimes with the help of others, sometimes in spite of them, she managed to make her way up to the deck above, and the next.

But it does happen that he sometimes thinks like this: everything that was loose, tables, chairs, suitcases and clothes cupboards had been thrown against the door when the ship listed, a door that opened inwards. The cabin was small and the debris blocked the only way out.

Or like this: she was thrown headlong out of her bunk.

************************************

This is Robert Åsbacka's third novel. His first, "Fallstudie" tells of a couple of men and a lorry, who are assigned to collect a three-hundred kilo magnet, empty oil drums, and rusty iron for an art installation. His second novel "Kring torget i Skoghall" was about a "bruk" village in the Swedish province of Värmland and the sausage and hamburger kiosk and its owner, plus, once again, art, brought to the industrial village and how it affects the everyday lives of people. These two novels also appeared with Schildts in Helsinki, and in parallel editions in Sweden. Back in 1988, Robert Åsbacka brought out a collection of poetry called "Med tungorna hängande", published by Författarnas Andelslag in Finland.

Hannele Mikaela Taivassalo - "Andrej Krapl had Five Knives"

There follows an excerpt, translated by Eric, from the first novel by Hannele Mikaela Taivassalo (born 1974) who, despite her surname, is a Finland-Swede, originally from Jakobstad, now working as an actress in Helsinki. She studied philosophy and literary studies in Helsinki, and acting in Gothenburg. She is a member of the peculiarly named Skunkteatern.

The novel deals with a young woman, rather a tomboy, who plays football until puberty kicks in, and while still at school meets a mysterious man called Andrej Krapl, who, as the title suggests, had a bundle of five knives with him. The original Swedish title is "Fem knivar hade Andrej Krapl", but I found the inversion of word order too unnatural for the English.

The novel, originally published by Söderströms, and which won the 2008 Runeberg literary prize, has appeared in Tarja Teva's Finnish translation with the Teos publishing house. See
this link.

There was a short review of this novel in English in the Swedish Book Review, 2008:2, and other reviews in the Finland-Swedish and Finnish press.

*

Hannele Mikaela Taivassalo

Excerpt from the novel: "Andrej Krapl had Five Knives"

Prologue II: (Genesis)

It all started so quietly and peacefully. I was born with Jesus just round the corner and with everything ordered and tidy all about me. But in Jesus’ defence I do have to say that he didn’t disturb me a great deal. Not at first, at any rate. Nor later on, for that matter.

My father’s sister, Aunt Lilian, passed judgement on me after only a few hours of life. Well, well, not much to shout about, is what she’s supposed to have said, standing in the doorway. In a loud voice, so that it would carry over the two other pale, postnatal mothers in their sweaty hospital beds. She never really came right into the room, Lilian that is, but stood there in the doorway, buttoning up her blue midwife’s smock, as she was off to the night shift.

Oh dearie me, he’s shrieking so much you could almost imagine he were a girl.

It is a girl.

Oh, by Jesus!

Then nothing more could be heard apart from the sound of her plastic sandals whose heels flip-flopped for every step shuffling she took. Mum bit the tops off all the liqueur chocolates and sucked out the contents, but it didn’t help. Neither against Aunt Lilian, nor against by sexless shrieking in that cot on wheels that stood next to her bed.

I understand her.

When the car rolled into the yard I was completely silent. Staring out into the dark. My dad carried me inside and I was so tiny that I could rest in his cupped hands. His best shoes were cheap and their soles were completely smooth and the way over to the steps was slippery and bumpy because of ice that had frozen quickly. I hovered in the air, borne on his hands. Anything could happen.

Mum still sat waiting in the car. She also stared out into the darkness, listening to the silence. She sat there for a long time and it was so cold that her hands grew red and the milk in her breasts almost froze. Perhaps for long enough for a small portion of her heart to be coated in a thin crust of ice, hard as crystal.

The house I’d arrived at was ugly. It looked as if it had clamped itself fast to the ground below. Concrete foundations, its façade covered in dirty white panels made out of some 1960s material or other which is forbidden nowadays. When I was a few years older, I would stand on the concrete steps looking out over the muddy puddles and think, well, so this is my life. I wasn’t old, but I could feel the concrete ribbing under the soles of my feet and every year I watched the lawn getting washed away in the rain, and thought, well, this then is my life.

That was before I found the knives.

Before I found the knives, most of my childhood was washed away in the rain. I was never chastised and didn’t go hungry. It was just that my childhood was one huge muddy slurry, sludgy and dark to move about in, and the fixed point in my existence was a reinforced concrete set of steps that were always cold and chafed your skin if you didn’t move with care.

Indoors, everything was brown. Brown carpets, brown wallpaper, brown curtains and brown doors that were so thin and lightweight that you couldn’t even push them properly shut, let alone slam them. They hung there listlessly, indecisively ajar, and if you were really determined to shut them you had to get a good grip on them and pull a little bit more, even when you had actually got the door to click to.

My room was very small and very dark, as it faced the back yard where brushwood and bushes grew almost up to the roof. One wall consisted of nothing but the doors of cupboards, in the other there was that unnecessary window and a provisional writing desk (two low bookshelves with a piece of fibreboard) and against my third wall stood a narrow bed that wobbled every time you rolled over in your sleep. The wall with the door in it, that was the fourth, could not have any furniture against it. For a start, the foot of the bed almost reached it, and the door also opened inwards. You couldn’t fit anything else into that room, it was already crowded as it was, and the bed and the doors to the cupboards scraped against one another and got stuck. The wall-to-wall carpet clung to my feet and always smelt dusty.

On the soccer pitch, I would also be slithering about in the mud. Our team was a poor one and the other team would churn up the area in front of our goal. I was a back and slid around in the mud for most of the time. Your feet would fasten like suckers and it always took just that second too long to reach the ball.

After losing, we would always go home dirty, would shower and wash our kit. So that we could do the same thing all over again the following week.

Many things repeated themselves, as if the same events were relived time and time again.
Some things happened once, never to be repeated.

Dad died at work. He worked at a large sawmill and thought what the hell, he could pull that length of plastic out from among the timber on the conveyor belt without switching off the machine. All you had to do was clamber up onto the belt and kick it upwards a bit with your right foot, then pull the strip out. Three seconds. Then it’s over.

Forever.

In order to pay the rent on the house, mum would work at the clinic during the day and as a cleaner at the sawmill in the evening. We could have moved to a smaller house, but no one wanted to buy the mud house.

Even my first period looked like mud. I was already fourteen, but didn’t understand what it was. It just didn’t strike me that this could be menstruation, though I’d been waiting for several years for it to arrive, but it was supposed to be blood! Red, shiny! Rebellious and profane! Bursting forth like an exclamation mark into my white knickers and announcing the end of my life of innocence and lying fallow. Now, at last, it was going to begin! But it was as thick as shit and brown.

In fact, I thought I’d contracted a deadly disease. A tumour in my colon, muscular dystrophy, or some disease of old age which would mean that I was no longer watertight. That I’d shat myself. Several times a day. That I was dying.

On the third day I didn’t manage to wash my underwear before my mum got back from the clinic and came into the sauna washroom to change into her cleaning clothes.

You’re having your period, she said. Haven’t you got any sanitary towels?

I felt she had saved my life. She had cured my cancer, my virginal AIDS, and my death wish, all within the space of a few seconds.

I don’t know whether she understood this herself. Maybe. Something tells me she probably did. Looking at me for a long time as she produced her sanitary towels, as if she wondered who I really was and from what century I had come. When I left the toilet, she took my knickers that I had screwed up in my fist – she winkled them out of my grasp - and went to the washroom to switch on the washing machine. And later on, when she got home again, when she thought I wasn’t looking, she looked at me. For a long time, questioningly, but with something so searingly tender in her look, that I felt smaller than ever. Smaller than when I had been borne on my father’s hands in the cold and the darkness.

*

Chapter 1: The Tempter

One warm March day, I was walking as usual on the wrong side of the road on my way to school. I was walking straight on, looking down at my tennis shoes. The snow that had not yet managed to melt and run down into the ditch, stuck to the soles of my shoes in gritty lumps. My feet were wet and cold and I could hardly feel them. I was not completely sure that I was actually on my way to school.

For some reason, I didn’t spot him until he had come quite near. On the right side of the road, of course, he was that sort of person that would walk on the correct side of the road and believed in the highway code. But I didn’t know that. I still knew nothing about him, anything about all the paradoxes. All I knew was what I saw: him coming towards me, on my side of the road. I heard a lorry approaching from behind. And my feet were already wet and were numb in any case, so I jumped into the strip of lumps of snow and slush that were between the edge of the road and the ditch.

He was approaching very slowly, so I had to stand there in the slush for a good while. And I stood and stood and stood waiting for him to pass. It was in fact quite warm, but he was wearing a long winter coat. It reminded me of a priest’s soutane, sat tight and had no coat tails. He was walking all the time, but it looked as if he wasn’t getting any nearer. His cap was threadbare and lined with fur, half a century old no doubt, and the scarf he had wound a couple of turns round his neck was knitted, thick and flecked with green. His face was gaunt and his jaw was covered with a short but untrimmed mid-brown coloured beard. No, I didn’t look away. I stood there, almost in the ditch, and stared.

When he had come up to me he stopped. His eyes were an icy blue and it almost hurt to look into them.

– Good morning, he said. My name is Andrej Krapl. Excuse me for asking, but what are you doing?

– Standing in the ditch, I said. There’s a lorry coming up behind me.

– Oh, that turned into the gravel quarry over there. It won’t be passing for ages. You can reckon on him taking nearly an hour to load up.

I nodded. And didn’t even turn round to look, I knew he was right. The hair sticking out from under his fur cap was light brown and curled gently in locks towards his face, got tangled in his beard in a surprisingly feminine and touching way. And when he spoke, it sounded as if he would never stop and didn’t really require any reply.

– I could ask, while we’re still standing here, if I’m on the right road. I’m on my way to the school, a secondary school, so I’m going the right way, am I? I’ll find it sooner or later, but as I’ll be taking morning assembly I might as well ask someone who knows, rather than spending half the day getting to the assembly, if you know what I mean.

– You’re going the wrong way, I said.

– I see, he said.

– You’re walking away from the school. You’re walking out of town.

– Oh. In that case I’d better cross the road, said Andrej Krapl.

He crossed the road and began to walk back.

I stood there a while and watched him as he walked.

We hadn’t even passed each other.

So I stepped out onto the asphalt, stamped my feet free of snow, and continued on my way.

***

This forms part of a promotional excerpt translated by Eric Dickens, and subsidised by Svenska Fonden in Helsinki (Helsingfors, for purists, given the language involved).

Wednesday, 18 March 2009

Eva-Stina Byggmästar


One Finland-Swedish poet who has now produced a significant number of collections in both Finland and Sweden is Eva-Stina Byggmästar (born 1967).

Since her first collection in the mid-1980s, she has undergone some transformation as a poet. She has also moved on in publishing her poetry. Her first books appeared witt the Ostrobothnian Författarnas Andelslag, then she published with the Helsinki press Söderströms, and now also with Wahlström & Widstrand in Stockholm. Gradually, she has attained the stature of one of the more important Finland-Swedish poets.

Byggmästar has always retained a childlike sensibility about nature and the world around her. Her poems are gentle, rarely harsh. The author focusses on everyday occurences, which are then raised to poetry. Small things generate whole poems. Stones, even the dead flies on the window sill, come alive. Her love poems are often directed to an unnamed person.

The title poem in her first collection "I glasskärvornas rike" (1986), can read like this, in translation. Not the only translation, but one possible one:

Every step I take
is a step in the realm of shards of glass
Every time I swallow
razor-blades slide down my gullet.
Every flower I see is someone dead in my heart.

Who can accuse me of pessimism
and an insane belief in
the land of hopelessness.
When they never borrowed my feet, my throat
or my heart.

She was around nineteen years of age when she wrote that. She illustrated her own cover and produced linoleum prints or woodcuts inside the book. Most poems were short, quiet with a hint of unrest, and fairly conventional. Ditto, the poetry of her second collection "Amuletten":

Blood is running here
by my naked feet.

Where are the bodies?

Still the taste of
salt from the air?

There are no
streams to follow
but the blood
runs constantly past
its own being.

By her fourth collection, "Drivkrafter", she was experimenting with form. Lines were split, fragments of sentences abounded. Impressions, associations:

metal metal metal

ks ex ex


gradually advancing

take take take
how can you distinguish


angling


one last look back

I know
where everything comes from
I know that the contents of everything is

Rek Rek

the many towers I see
all that

grazing cold, warms a finger on your cheek

a bell, a milk hare


Mint
Menthol pepper

Peep peep
Hurling itself forward, look there a little dot
rau rau rrrrr rrrr


take take take
those that no one sees hide

bell or fire

bell

fire

Hares appear to be her constant companions throughout her collections. But also experimentation. Even with lifestyle and religion. As critic Kaj Hedman says in a review for the Lukukeskus in Finland: "Byggmästar's approach has always been inimitable. Her thematic worlds are childhood - or, rather, being a child - and nature. Her new poetic discoveries have been a cross between these two factors. Her poetic methods have varied, the exceptionally free associations with disintegration and combination with no limiting demands have had surprising results. In her first two collections from the 2000s, Byggmästar moved onto a definitely spiritual path, which, in the first collections give expression to a quest, both for content and form. "Den harhjärtade människan" and ""Näckrosön" have an imagery that is clearly derived from Christianity, whilst in the collection "Knoppar blommor blad och grenar" (2005) there is a kind of fusion with green joy. In her latest collection "Älvdrottningen", joy is channelled into an intoxicating, irresistible love poem which covers the whole register from passion to tenderness." I think Hedman sums her up very well.

To date, Eva-Stina Byggmästar has published 11 collections of poetry. A selection of her poems has appeared in Finnish as "Onnenvaellus käydään varvasjuoksua" (roughly: "In Its Wanderings, Joy Runs on Tiptoe") in 2002.

I am hoping myself to be able to publish a selection of her poems, translated into English.

Tuesday, 10 March 2009

Four poems by Wava Stürmer


Several Ostrobothnian authors used to meet at what used to be Stockmann's café, Jakobstad, every Tuesday lunchtime at two o'clock during my year living there in 1978-79. One of them was the poet Wava Stürmer. She was born in the Belgian Congo in 1929, will therefore be eighty this year:






There is in us all
a mild sea.
The light refracts on the surface.
The stones at the bottom
cannot be seen.
The sand moves
when the waves want
when the wind wants.

So many rains
that people have lived
so old is mankind.

The same rain
runs down our faces
and we don't know
whether we're crying.

*

Not even the sea
has freedom without shores.

Only has winds.

*

The waves
are like mountains
congealed in movement.

The light is there
in the wing of the gull
when it scratches
the silk of the heavens.

The creature
on the mountain summit
no longer human
not yet a bird.

*

The land
we cannot travel to
exists.

Rain falls and snow.

We must
not even
remember.

But the images
burst their way up.

Messengers from a future
we have already passed.


***

Poems, even short unrhymed ones such as these, can be translated in various ways. I maintain that translating poetry is harder than translating prose. There are hidden rhythms, allusions. So too here. Later, I will discuss some of the problems I had when doing these swift drafts.

The poems are the first four of the 1990 collection Så länge vi minns, published by Söderströms, Helsinki.

Interland


In 2006, an interesting poetry anthology involving people living in Yorkshire, UK, and Ostrobothnia, Finland, was published. The title was Interland, rather appropriate, given Yorkshire people's propensity for dropping their aitches.

This 160-page anthology was supported financially by The Arts Council of England, Österbottens Konstkommission, and Kirklees Culture and Leisure Services. (Kirklees is the borough that includes Dewsbury, Batley, and a few other smaller West Riding towns.) It was published by Smith / Doorstop Books in Huddersfield.

The six poets featured are Steve Dearden, Kath McKay, Adam Strickson (Yorkshire) and Ralf Andtbacka, Carita Nyström and Marko Hautala (Ostrobothnia, aka Österbotten and Pohjanmaa). The aim was that the poets from the two regions of the two countries would spark ideas off one another.

The Finnish- and Swedish-language poems are translated on the opposite page into English, and the English poems into Swedish or Finnish. The poems are modernist in tone, mostly unrhymed.

The blurb adds: "Images of water permeate the writing. The book explores deep emotions: grief, estrangement, longing. Themes and quotations from the Kalevala, the Finnish national epic, are threaded throughout.

This is a true example of Nordic-British literary cooperation.

The full title of the anthology reads:

Interland - Six Steps Underwater; Interland - Kuusi askelta veden alla; Interland - Sex steg under vatten